c 545 
?68 
>py 1 




3 THE 



^ RI G 4 



Ar 




SILK CULTURE 



BY 



HERMAN R.OCKE, 

66 and 68 East 4th 

H.Y. 




Copyright 1882, by ITerman Rocke. All rights reserved. 



J SILK CULTURE. § 






FOR THE 



"American §ilk Raiser" 

APPLY TO 

HERMAN ROCKE, 

66 and 68 East Fourth Street, New York, 
OR 

ADAM GIGRICH, 

Amityvillej* Long Island. 
DEALERS IN 

Mulberry Trees. 

Silk Worm Eggs, 

Thermometers , 

And all other articles necessary for Silk Raising 



RIDLEY'S _ 
Fashion Magazine. 

Resident IMew Yorkers 

Enjoy no greater advantages in shopping than do out-of-town 
families who take this Magazine, the chief feature of which is 
an exhaustive Catalogue and Price List of the Great Variety of 
Goods on Sale in 

OUR 52 DEPARTMENTS. 

Whatever is needed 

For Wear, Toilet or Home Ornamentation, 
CAN AUu BE SECURED UNDER ONE ROOF. 

Substantias Dry Goods, 

Ladies', Misses' and Children's Suits, Boys' Clothing, 

Millinery Goods, 

Dress Silks, Trimming Silks, Velvets. Laces, White Goods, 

Dress Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Mitts, Gent's Furnishing, 

Parasols, Stationery, Fancy Goods, Jewelry, Hair Goods and 

Ornaments, Perfumery and Toilet Articles ; in fact 

EVERYTHING 

That the Wife, Husband, or Children may require 

FOR WEAR 



MAGAZINE ISSUED QUARTERLY 
At 50c Per Annum or 15c. Single Copy. 

We also issue a Catalogue, which we send Free of Charge to all applicants. 
ORDERS BY MAIL PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 

Same prices charged in all cases asked at our Counters. 
SAMPLES SEJ-NT TJFOI>T APPLICATION- 

E. RIDLEY & SONS, 

309, 311, 3111 to 317 GRAND STREET. 

56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70 ALLEN STREET, 
59, 61 and 63 ORCHARD STREET, NEW YORK. 



F. W. PA1«SE, 



/I /i 




yiiliN lo I £& 



455 X ■ 3^5^ 



New Patent Plaiting, Fluting and Crimping Machines, '— 

— (Ribbons and Silk Watering and Embossing Machines-. 

124 BAXTER STREET, 

Bet. Canal and Hester Sts., New York 



Specialty — The Construction of Machinery for New- 



Designs in Ladies' Trimmings. 



SILK CULTURE 



IFOiR, THE -^^— 



'American Silk Raiser^ 

7^ APPLY TO =^S3 

HERMAN ROCKE, -or- ADAM GIGRICH, 

66 & 68 E. 4th St., N. Y. Amityville, L. I. 

DEALERS IN 

Mulberry Trees, Silk Worm Eggs, Thermometers, 

And all other art teles necessary for Silk Raising. 



JOHN MATTER, 

. iTHElAHHATTlN'fc 

Silk Dyeing Works, 

333 West 44th Street, 

Between 8th and 9th Avenues. NEW YORK 



THEODORE EHKENBERG, 

(Late E.HRENBERG BROS.) 

M AC H I N 1ST, 

AND LOOM MAKER, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Looms for Weaving ({Ribbons f Fringes, Suspenders 



and tiul yVinder^-r 

' — Apt :«% 

RIBBON BLOCKING- LT ^MACHINES. 

521 West 45th Street, 

Between iot h mid nth Avenues, NEW YORK 





We solicit you to stop a* the 



«f 



GRAND UNION HOTEL 



New York City, (Opposite the Grand Central Depot.) 
Families, Travellers and Tourists arriving or leaving the city of New York to visit 
Niagara, Saratoga, White Mountains, Long Branch, or other summer resorts, will find 
it convenient to stop at Grand Union Hotel. Elevator and all improvements. Euro- 
pean plan. Over 4.50 elegantly Furnished Rooms, reduced to $1.00 and upwards per 
day. Also, richly furnished suites for families, and fitted up at an expense of one 
million dollars. ^ 

The Restaurant, Cafe, Lunch and Wine Rooms supplied with the best at moderate 
prices. Toilet and I aggage Rooms for Ladies and Gents, where coats, valises and 
parcels can be left free. A d umher of rooms elegantly arranged for Dinner?, Suppers 
and Lunch parties, large or small. Trfe Cuisine and Wines are of superior merit. 



Guests Baggage taken to and from this Depot, free, 

W, P. GARRISON 



Manages-. 



-THE- 



"American # Sill ♦ Raiser 



- A- 

COMPLETE INSTRUCTION 

-ON- 

SILK CULTURE, 

- BY - . 

y 

HERMAN ROCKE, 

66 & 68 Bast 4tli Street, 

NEW YORK. 

"iVio; 









PREFACE. 



pN presenting this pamphlet to the American public I am 
)impellecl by a desire to direct popular attention to the ad- 
visability of fostering a richly remunerative industry, as yet only 
in its infancy in this country, one which is as easy as it is pro- 
fitable, and also to point out how a product hitherto almost 
valueless, through lack of utilization, may readily be made a 
source of revenue. The degree of a country's productiveness 
is the measure of its prosperity: What better illustration of 
this axiom could be desired than that afforded by France in her 
truly wonderful recuperation from the disastrous effects of the 
Franco-Prussian war and the promptitude with which she met 
and paid off the enormous war debt imposed upon her by that 
unhappy conflict? The secret of her success lay in the fact that 
the French are pre-eminently a nation of industrious producers, 
among whom flourish industries that give employment even to 
the classes least likely to be productive, the young, the very 
old, and the physically afflicted. 

Among such industries none are more prominent than that of 
-ilk culture and none are more peculiarly adapted to supplying 
an easy and very profitable occupation to such individuals as 
have been suggested. It demands but an exceedingly small 
investment of capital and requires only a little intelligent care 
to ensure its success. 

Certainly no reason exists why it should not be made as 
prominent a factor in the prosperity of the American people as 
it has been in that of the French. In developing it we neces 
warily create a new value for an article which we possess in 
^reat abundance — but which has hitherto been almost worthless 
through the absence of any demand for it — the leaf of the 
■"kite mulberry tree, which is the product before alluded to. 
Thus, both directly and indirectly the popularization of silk 



l ^ 



ulture in this country will be of great valne to us pecuniarily. 
'.And it will be so morally as well. It offers an employment 
peculiarly attractive to the young and by the intelligent direc- 
tion of parents ma}*, while affording an amusement, easily be 
made an important element in the training of the youth of both 
sexes to habits of careful forethought and industry. 

Thanks to the practical experience and able co-operation of 
Mr. and Mrs. Gigrich, of Amityville, L. I., I am enabled to give 
at this time, tangible form and practical illustration to what 
has long been with me a cherished project, viz, the encourage- 
ment of silk culture in the United States, and, in the following 
few pages, I believe that I have condensed and made perfectly 
clear to every comprehension all that is essential for anybody 
to know in order to essay this charming and profitable indus- 
try. The United States of North America are as perfectly 
adapted to silk culture as any country on the globe, commer- 
cial conditions for assuring profit from it are now more favor- 
able than they have ever before been and it is to be earnestly 
hoped that it will receive the early and earnest attention which 
it so richly merits. 

HERMAN ROCKE. 

66 and 68 East Fourth Street. 

£ilk Ciuiurist. 
New York, June, 1882, 



The "American Silk Raiser" 

Can be had from H. Rocke, 66 and 68 East Fourth Street, 
N. Y., by sending 25 cents in postage stamps, or inquire at 
your nearest book store. 



SILK CULTURE. 



fHE prime essential of silk culture is the provision of proper 
food-plants for the nourishment of the silk-worm. That 
which experience has demonstrated as the most suitable is the 
white mulberry (Morus alba) leaf. It has been claimed by 
eminent entomologists that the leaf of the Osage orange {Mae- 
lura aurantiaca) is equally well adapted to the nutrition of the 
worm, but the weight of practical experience is in favor of the 
white mulberiy, and since that tree is already abundant throug- 
out the country there does not really seem to be any conspicu- 
ously good reason for seeking or adopting substitutes for it. 
The white mulberry is easily propagated by cutting, grows 
readily from the seed and is a hardy tree A good supply of 
its leaves having been provided for, the silk culturist may deem 
himself ready to commence operations in rearing worms. 

Silk culture may properly be divided into and considered 
separately under three distinct heads : 

1. Procuring and caring for the eggs or "seed" as they are 
technically known. * 

2. Hatching and caring for the worms 

3. Getting the silk spun by the worms in the form of cocoons. 
Care should be taken to procure healthy and properly im- 
pregnated eggs, from, if x^ossible, the so called "hardy" species 
of silk worm moths. If yellow in color they are not good. They 
should be gray, slate, lilac, violet or dark-green, those hues be- 
longing to different varieties, the distinctions between which 
it is not worth while to enter upon here. The eggs f i om the 
Pyranees, in the south of France are deemed best, as least af- 
fected by climate and productive of worms that afford fine 
cocoons of the valuable straw colored silk which is held in such 
high esteem by manufacturers. 

In the opinion of Mr. ( Jigrich, Technical Superintendent of 



the silk-rearing exhibition now open in the New York Turn Halle 
— and of other practical silk culturists, the Japanese eggs are 
however deemed peculiarly well adapted to growth in the climate 
of the United States. Certainly, exceptionally good results have 
beeu attained with them. In this present exhibition Mr. Gigrich 
has publicly grown worms from Japanese eggs, obtained the 
moths from the cocoons made by those worms, procured eggs 
from those moths and out of those eggs has hatched other worms 
which have made handsome cocoons, a remarkably rapid course 
of re-production. 

The preferred French eggs are of the race known as "annuals," 
that is, they re-produce but once a year, in the spring-time, but the 
Japanese varieties re-produde twice or thrice per annum, and 
a race of silk- worm moths is said to exist in India which gives 
eight generations in a sinyle year. It may be remarked how- 
ever, in this concection, that those varieties which re-produce 
most frequently do not furnish the best quality of silk or make 
the best cocoons and are not the hardiest. 

Until it is desired that the eggs shall be hatched — which 
must, of course, not be before the mulberry leaves have put 
forth to supply the worms with food — they should be kept in a 
cool, dry . place, where the temperature never rises above 40 fr 
Fahrenheit, and great care must be exercised to keep them out 
of reach of rats and mice which are very fond of them. Under 
no circumstances must the sun's rays be permitted to fall upon 
them Eggs should be secured in the fall, and as much as 
possible remain over winter where they are going to be hatched. 

When the time comes for hatching, place the eggs on large 
sheets of white paper in a room, the temperature of which is. 
uniformly maintained at 75° or 80° Fahrenheit. This room should 
be furnished with a table, of length proportioned to the number 
of worms to be raised upon it. A strip of wood one inch high 
should extend around the table, and other strips of equal 
height should be laid across it, so as to divide its surface into 
square compartments, in which the worms may be kept separ- 
ate according to their progressive stages of development. 

No green or resinous wood should be used where the worms 
can come in col: tact with it, and no iron or paint Everything must, 



10 

be scrupulously clean, as dirt almost invariably causes disease 
and death among the worms. 

"When the eggs have been three or four days in this warm 
room, the floor should be sprinkled with water, from time to 
time, in order to preserve a humid atmosphere, which will keep 
the shells soft and make it easier for the worms to nourish 
themselves 

About the fifth or sixth day, the little worms begin to make 
their appearance. When they do so, a net or sheet of perforated 
paper must be laid over them, with some finely shredded tender 
young leaves of the white mulberry upon it and they will very 
quickly mount from the hatching tray to begin nibbling at their 
food. 

It will be well, as far as possible, to keep the worms of exact- 
ly the same age, as a matter of convenience in caring for them. 

Mosquito netting will do for the first net to put over them, 
but gradually nets of larger meshes, or sheets of perforated pa- 
per with wider apertures will have to be provided, as they grow 
very rapidly. 

Each time that they are fed the fresh leaves should be laid 
upon netting or perforated paper trays over them, as in the 
rirst instance and when they climb up to the new supply the 
lower tray, w 7 ith its dry leaves, excretory matter and any weak 
and worthless w r orms that have not strength enough to crawl 
up, should be removed and cleansed. 

The silk worm in no stage of his existence is anything of a 
rover. Even when he gets wings, they are of no use to him. 
Give him his food while he is a worm and his mate when he is 
a moth and he will go upon no expeditions of idle curiosity. 
As they grow they should be advanced to other compartments 
of the table, always keeping apart those of each days hatching . 
Any eggs left unhatched four days after the first of the worms 
from that lot of eggs have appeared, should be thrown away, 
as. even if ultimately hatched they would only produce weak, 
sickly and worthless worms. 

When the worms are a week old whole leaves may be given 
to them. Opinions differ as to the feeding of the worms. 
>Somp think that thev should be given fresh leaves four times a 



11 

day, regularly; others that they require but three meals. The 
hours at which they display most voracity are early in the 
morning and late in the evening, but it is well to give them 
leaves also during the day as their abundant nutrition is es- 
sential to their doing best the work that is expected of them. 

They should never be given any leaves that are wet with dew 
or rain. 

The three great requisites of the silk-worms existence are 
absolute cleanliness, abundant fresh food and pure air at an 
equable temperature. 

All sudden changes or extremes of temperature must be 
studiously avoided, the uniform condition of about 75° or 80° 
being maintained as nearly as possible. 

The silk-worm goes through four periodes of mol tings, shed- 
ding a skin in each and growing steadily larger and lighter in 
color until he is fin ally, of a creamy white or cloudy amber tint. 
The first molt takes place five or six days after hatching. For 
ten or twelve hours, while he is going through the process, he re- 
frains from eating and remains motionless, with the front por- 
tion of his body raised as high as possible, supporting himself 
on the "prolegs" under the rear segments of his body. When 
he has thrown off his old skin he goes to work eating with a 
rapacity that seems spurred by a desire to make up for lost 
time. Each of the succeeding molts he goes through in the 
same way and they are five or six days apart. 

The whole age of the worm is but thirty to thirty -five days. 
After the last molt the worms eat ravenously for eight days, or 
perhaps nine, then lose appetite and with more energy than 
they have displayed at any previous time in their existence be- 
gin prospecting about for a place in which to spin their cocoons. 
Some of them prefer to begin spinning themselves in at an an- 
gle of the compartment in which they may chance to be, but 
generally they prowl about in a restless, uneasy way until they 
have found a place to form their cocoons among the branches of 
some brush or boughs which must be placed conveniently for 
them to climb upon. No branches should be used for this pur 
pose that have any odors and they should not be over two feet 
high. 



12 

Having selected a place for its work each worm surrounds 
itself with a cloud of flossy Bilk, and then In the centre of that 
concealment performs its mysterious toil of enveloping itself in 
Its cocoon Care must be taken, if two or fchree of them begin 
spinning close together to prevent their joining their cocoons 
and making ;t tangled mai formed mass of them which would 
be almost worthless, since they could not be unwound by the 
feeler Each completed cocoon should be about the size, shape 
■•tnd color of a very large peanut. The silk of which they are 
composed is not laid On evenly around and around them, but 
is piii on irregularly, often in loops and swirls, but the surface 
is smooth and the cocoon, if good is hard 

Each <• i coon if made by a healthful and well natured worm 
should yield from sis fco eight hundred yards of the exceeding- 
ly delicate filamenl or thread of which it is made up. 

On the ninth day afterthe worm begins spinning its cocoon 
It changes from the chrysalis to the moth, If then it is desired 
fco save the cocoon entire for reeling purposes, it will be ncces 
sary, on the eighth day to kill the 1 chrysalis. This may be dom 
either by si am or dry hoi air at a temperature ot 200 degrees 
which must not be exceeded else the silk may suffer injury 
In that hot air, a humming noise is heard to proceed from th« 
cocoons for about twenty minutes and when it ceases all life i 
killed After that process the cocoons must be kept in a warn' 
dry airy place and frequently stirred and turned over for sev 
era! days, until their contents are thoroughly dried. In tha J 
condition they may be kept an indefinite length of time, unti] 

if is desired lo send them to market, but care must be exercised ! 

to keep them from rats, mice, aids and certain sorts of beetles, . 
which will gnaw them open to get at their contents if the op- 
portunity is offered. 

Mr. Gigrich, of Amityville, L. I„ and Mr. Hermann Rooke, 
of No. 66 East Fourth si reel, N. Y , have invented an appa- 
ratus which is justly cl limed fco he superior to any ever belon 

offered lo the public for the killing of the chrysalis without thei 
possibility of injury to the silk and such an apparatus is need-J 
ed by everj sihVculturisi in this country since the facilities for 
selling the fresh cocoons to great filatures such as exist inj 



13 



j France are as yet unknown here, and the cocoons must be 
dried for shipment to a distant market. The appliance is 
simple and not expensive. 



In this brief sketch all the processes of silk culture, from the 
primary care of the eggs to the final preparation of the cocoons 
for market, have been clearly stated in their natural and pro- 
per order, but it has not been deemed necessary, or indeed ad- 
[ visable, to lumber ur; the instruction with amass of theoretical 
, rules and scientific knowledge, such as is generally heaped up- 
on and piled around this very simple subject in. more preten- 
tious works. All that has been told is practical and accurate 
;and more, so far as it goes, is needed by nobody. But many 
things remain yet to be considered and it is a not unimp rtant 
branch of the subject. 

HATCHING THE EGGS. 

fl While it is true that silk-worm eggs, of almost any variety 
may be bought whenever required, the true silk-culturist should 
render himself independent of that source of supply by produc- 
ing for himself the "seed" that he requires. To do this requires 
some farther special instruction. As has already been stated, on 
the ninth day of its retreat in the cocoon, the chrysalis devel- 
ppes into the imago or adult moth, Then it discharges a 
Jwecretion which dissolves the hard gummy lining of the cocoon 

fund moistens the silk at the head end of the cocoon so that its 
delicate filaments may be push' d aside and broken sufficiently 
for the moth to emerge r lhis escape is effected, on the eleventh 
or twelfth day after the' worm has commenced to spin. 

The moths are of both sexes, in about equal numbers, and the 
difference between them is very clearly apparent. The females 
are very corpulent, being full of eggs, and are very loth to 
move at all, while the males are comparatively slender in form, 
have broader antennae and are much more lively, constantly 
fluttering their useless white wings in a cheery but ineffective 
way, and even exerting themselves sufficiently to walk very 
short distances occasiona ly. 



14 

Foi two hoars after they have emerged from the cocoons, 
the sexes must be kept separate by confinement in paper boxes. 
After that time they must be paired and each pair put in a 
separate small box, or closed compartment of a great box, hav- 
ing apertures for ventilation. Th<-y can be handled by their 
wings, but all handling should be exceedingly gentle and if 
possible should be avoided. The pairs must be left alone in 
the dark for six hours. Then take them out and seperate, or 
''uncouple)" them, handling the female very delicately. 

As for the male, he may be thrown away. His work is done 
and his mission in life ended. In a few hours he will die. 

The female must be placed upon a sheet of paper or a clean 
white linen cloth, where she will at once commence laying her 
eggs and will keep at it until she has deposited three or four 
hundred at about equal distances apart on the surface upon 
which she is placed. If it is desired to have the eggs loose, she 
had better be laid upon a piece of line woolen stuff, since they 
will not be stuck to that surface so firmly as they would be up- 
on linen or paper. The eggs will be about the size of turnip seed, 
nearly round, slightly flattened and of a yellow color when first 
deposited, a hue which they will retain if not impregnated and 
consequently worthless. "When the female is done laying her 
eggs she too dies. 

The manner of caring for the eggs until hatching time 
has already been stated and may be condensedly recapit- 
ulated as having four requirements, viz: Strict seclusion 
from the sunlight; a temperature never higher than 40° Fah- 
renheit; dry air and. protection from rats and mice. It is a 
good plan to hang them up in a bag. 

THE COCOONS. 

In sorting and preparing cocoons for the market care must 
be exercised in picking out and putting by themselves the soft 
ones and in throwing away the black spotted ones, their dis- 
coloration showing that the chrysalis has died inside. If al- 
lowed to remain with the others, the foul matter from the do- 
composition in them would spoil the good cocoons. Another 
thing to bear in mind when gathering and sorting the co- 



15 

coons is to ]aj aside the largest and hardest ones to breed 
moths from for next year's supply of eggs. To get an oun.ee 
of eggs — about 40,000— it wilt be necessary to lay aside for 
breeding about 100 to 110 moths of each sex. A good way for 
keeping them in good form for developement of the moth "is to 
attach them by a little paste to a piece of card, board. 

In most of the silk raising countries of Europe the silk-eul- 
turist makes no effort to reel himself the product of his worms,, 
but simply sells the cocoons to a filature — as the large estab- 
lishmeiits for reeling and preparing the raw silk are denom- 
inated. This is merely a matter of convenience, as those ex- 
tensive manufactories have much more perfect appliances and a 
better system for the utilization of labor than the individual 
would be likely to possess. Even the killing of the chrysalis 
is performed at the filatures, where the cocoons are bought 
fresh. Here, in the United States, as already suggested, it wiD 
be necessary for the silk-culturist to kill the chrysalis and dry 
them himself before his cocoons will be marketable. In France, 
where all connected with silk-culture and manufacture has been 
brought to the highest perfection, silk is reeled by steam machin- 
ery, but in Japan and China this work is done by hand. And, 
indeed, very good raw silk can, by skill and care be produced 
with the aid of a hand-reel. It is not however necessasy for 
the American silk-culturist to reel his own silk. New York 
now affords a good market for cocoons, since there are at pre- 
sent several houses engaged in the business of buying them for 
exportation to France. All information can be obtained from 
H. Kocke, 60 and 68 East Fourth street, New York.' 

The hand silk-reel is not an expensive piece of machinery 
and ladies maj in some instances prefer to employ it. For their 
information it may be said in brief that the reel itself is geared 
by multiplying cog-wheels so as to have a very rapid revolving 
motion, that it must also have a lateral motion so that the thread 
shall not lie straight upon each other as they are reeled on, that 
in its front are two or more small glass "eyes" or "ringlets" 
through which the filaments pass, and these filaments — four or 
rive in number, according to the thickness of raw thread desir- 



16 

€< J — are drawn together from the cocoons floating in a basin 
or pot, of copper or tin, containing water almost boiling and 
kept hot by means of a small flame under it. The filaments 
are picked up from the hot water by the small twigs of little 
birch brooms and have on them enough glutinous matter to 
stick them firmly together in one thread. Yery great care 
must be exercised to keep the thread even, replacing each fila- 
ment as it breaks or gives out. 



For any further information or orders for the "American 
Silk Kaiser" please address H. Rocke, 66 and 68 East Fourth 
street, New York, or A. Giegrich, Amity ville, L I., dealers in 
silk worm eggs, mulberry trees, thermometers, and all other 
articles necessary for silk culture. 



GENERAL RULES 

Which should he home in mind hy the silk-culturist 

o 

1. Buy only sound eggs. 

2. The *ggs must be kept in a cool place, never higher in 
temperature than 40° Fahrenheit. 

3. The eggs must never be exposed to the sun. 

4. Mulberry leaves, of the species Morus Japonica or Morus 

alba, (the so-called white mulberry) should be given as 
food, but never in a wet condition. 

5. Abundance of food should be given to the worms early in 
the morning and late in the evening, especially to those 
of most advanced ages. 

6. Give finely shreddtd. tender leaves to the young worms 
until they are one week old. 

7. Keep together, as much as possible, the worms of the same 
age. 

8. If two or more worms spin their cocoons together, separate 
them carefully. 

9 Cleanliness, pure air and an even temperature of 70° to 
80° Fahrenheit are absolutely essential. 

10. Keep in reserve at least one day's food as a provision 
against possible storms which would wet the irees and 
render the leaves unfit for feeding temporarily and only 
give the leaves at the temperature of the room in which 
tbe worms are kept. 

11. The frays or tables upon which the worms are kept, must 
be made of dry wood, odorless and free from resin and 
must, have no exposed metallic surfaces, even so small as 
nail-heads, as contact with metal chills and may kill the 
worms. Use no paint where the worms can come in con- 
tact with it. 

12. On the eighth day after commencing fo spin, tbe chrysalis 
in tbe cocoons intended for the market must be killed by 
exposure for 20 to 25 minutes in steam or hot air at a 
temperature of 200° Fahrenheit 

13. T > those who have seen our exhibition the above rules are 

all that is required. 



gtur roeifere ^usRunfi 

foinic 
fiir km 

,Jlttimk(uii|d)ctt Seitiett ^iidjter' 

iDcnbc man fid) an 

$. ffioifc, 6G Hub 68 £>§ 4tc ©trajk, 5ttelu*g)ort, 

ober 

*. ©forty, SlittpiOc, 8. 3 V 

§anb(er in 
unb aflc anbevcn Slrttfct tocldje $ur Seiben^u^t uotfjtg ftttb. 



SDer 

JtmmRamfcfe 



&tiben > $M)tet. 

(Sine ijriiublidj, prafttfdje 2lMjaitblmif( iiber ©eibeii* 

Cjtltnjr, mit toolkit iinb getiaucu yimzi* 

fungeu fiir ©etbeit=$iid)teret 



Don 



etPrrtetrt** ^ocke f 



66 uub 68 £ft 4tc Stva^c, Sftcu^tuf* 



rreite* 



3fnbcm id) bicfcS Serpen bem anterifanifdjen SBoffe unterfcreite, 
ift e$ mcine ernfte 9lbfidjt fitr Sung unb TO einen (ofynenben (grmerb^ 
avoetg ju fdjaffen unb ju gteidjer geit eincm anberen ^robufte — ben 
U^autbecrblcittcm— eincn SDtoft gu eroffnen, 9cu£en toetdjer bislang 
bem Sanbc bertoren gegangen ift. 

£)ic 2Bo[)U)abenI)eit etne^ 23otfe$ fyangt in erftcr £inie turn femet* 
^probuftionsfafyigMt ab. 3n biefer SBe^ieljung lann man grcmfretd) 
a(3 cin (Srempcl gttiren. 9)?an farm breift beljctupten bafs nur burdj 
ba$ ©djaffen uon 3?img unb Sttt, trie c3 g. 35. bie- ©eiben;ud)t er* 
laubt, biefe3 Sanb fid; mtt fold) ciner bettjunbcrungstritrbigen @d)ttet* 
ligfeit Don ber grogen ^ataftroptje be3 lefcten $tege3 erjjolen fonntc. 

$inber, ciltcre s }krfonen unb fogar (Setuedjftdje ronnen auf erne 
tetdjte SBetfe invert 2eben3unteri)a(t t>erbienen, menu fie fief) ber e>ct^ 
bengudjt tribmen unb bie 9iege(n biefcS 33ud)c3 befolgen. (S3 ocr* 
fdjafft ®mbern betbertei ©efd)(ed)tc3 nid)t nur cine eigent()itmlid)e, 
anu'efyenbe £3efd)dftigung, [onbern teftljrenb e3 ein SBergnugen fitr fie 
ift fann e3 $u einem bebeutenben ®rabe gur (grjieijimg berfclbeu bcU 
iragen. 

£)anf ben praftifdjen (5rfaf)rungcn be3 gerrn unb ber grau ©igrid) 
a\x$ Slmtttptlle, & 3-/ bin id) in ben Stanb gefefctttjorben, btefe,mehte 
£iebiing*ibee Bertrirfftdjen gu ronnen. 

SDte $ereitiigten ©taateit Don ^orbamerifa eignen fid) fitr @eiben- 
jud)t cben fo gut ate irgettb cm 8anb ber (£rbc. 

tjljiermnwi § oc ty< 

iftcu) $orf, im 3uri 1882. 

£)cr "jUtmtftattifdK $ribnt-;pitdjtft" gut)abenbei©ermatm 

9?od'c, 66 unb 68 Dft 4tc ©tra£e, Sftett^orf, bet ©tnfenbung uon 
25 (SentS in ^oftmarfeu, obcr bet alien 35udi* unb ^cttung^ 
.©emblem. 



pas $an$e ki fri&ensudjt 

jcrfdllt in t>vei 3IBtbcUmiaeu 5 

1. ©etmnnung unb ^ffege ber SRaupeneier. 

2. ©eroinnung unb $flege ber lebenbigen Dfaupen.. 

3. ©eromnung ber @etbe au$ ben, con ben hempen gefponttenen 

Cocoons. 

£>ie 3ftautbeerbdume finb, ate gutter ber Sftaupen betracfytet, ba$ 
erfte (grforbernitf, ba$ sine qua non ber (Seibenfrtttur in jebcm Saube 
unb fe^en fair oorau$ bag, roer ft* mit (geibengucfyt befaffen mill, and) 
fitr bie notl)igen SDlaulbeerbaume geforgt rjaben ttrirb. SDt? £)fage 
Drangenbdume liefern aud) ein gicmlid) gute$ gutter fitr <&eiben= 
raupen, ber amerifanifdje fogenannte roeige -sD'toulbeerbaum inbefj 
ift it)m Dorgugteljert* 

JtDtandjer roirb ooqie!)en feme 9Jfriulbeerbdume au% ©a amen felfift 
$u gieljett. 35equemer tnbeffen bteibt es intnier menu man bie jungen 
33aumd)en ppangen faun. §mtbert 4 ^aijre alte 33dumdjen, t>k 
fogenannten Moras Japonica ober Moras Alba, bte weige illixtlberr^ 
bie befte ©orte, im gerbft gepflan^t, liefern nadjftes griUjjafyr gutter 
fitr 20,000, unb ba$ ^afjr barauf fitr 40,000 SBiirmer, ejteidj einer Un3c 
©er, roeldje tfyrerfetts ungefafyr liO — 120 ^3funb Cocoons 311 mitt* 
beften§ $1.00 per s £funb probusiren. 5(uf jcben 2icfer £anb pftegt 
man ungefafyr 1156 33aumd)en gu pflan^cn, jebeu 6 gug oou bm 
anberen entfemt. 

2) i e (§ i e r au£ roetdjen man bie 9?cmpeu ^ieljen roitl, mitffen 
felbftoerftanbtid) gefunbe (Sier fein unb wombglid) einer fogenannten 
, f gatjett" 9%affe ai;gel}bren. Unter (Iter einer gdfyen Sftaffe oerftebt man 
dkx roetdje aud) in roeniger roarmen ^limateu fid) eutuncfeht. ' Unter 
biefen fterjen hk ^tyrendifdjen oben an. Slugerb.m fpinuen bie 3tou= 
pen biefer ©er ltd)tgctbe, ftro^farbige Qtocoon3, b. I), foldje, roeldje 
con ^n (geibenfabrifanten am beften be$al)lt unb am gefudjteften 
finb. £)a$ eben ©efagte gilt bei ben ©eiben^tcfytern (£uropa$ oM feft* 
ftet)enbe SKcgel. ©err ©igrid) inbeg, ber ted)nifd)e Setter ber ©eibeu* 
$ud)t4lu3fteilung, roetdje eben jc£t in ber 9to^)orf'er ^urnljalte ah* 
getjaiten ttrirb, be^auptet bag bie japanefifdjen (Sier ate bie bem tfima 



fccr SJLiereitjigtcn ©taatertcmt mciftcn pfagenbe SKaffe betradj'tet tocrben 
mutt. $# ber Xijat I)at genannter 0err in ber s #ueftcliung fetbft, 
miter ben ?(ugcn ber ^ufdjauer, Sftaupen one japancftfdjen (Stem gc* 
gogem 3to ben (iocoons biefcr $au#en l)at cr bie @d)metter(inge 
Ijerauebrcdjcn laffen, biefe Ijaben fofort uueber (Sier gelegt nnb aue 
btcfen (Stent I)at §crr ©igrid) micber ^uutpcu nnb (Socoone ge^ogcu; 
alfo g ir> e t Written in berfetben -Safy^^cit; ir»al)rl)aftig ein iferrticfyee 
?}iefn(tat ! 

3m grithjafyr fobatb bte 9ftau(bccrbaume anfattgen ©proffen 311 
treibcu, tegt man bie — fcien ce mm angcfnnftc ober fclbftgejogcne — 
Crier auf cincn groj^cn 23ogen lvctgc^ papier, nnb bringtftemein 6i« 
auf T5 ®rab gaf)rcnt)cit erfyiijtee Qimmer; $n biefem gtmmer ftcbt 
em longer Xtfcf), beffen £ange mit ber Cnatttttat ber 3U giefyenbett 
Sftaupcn itbcreinftimmt, nnb tuctdjer ber £}cquemUd)feit nnb Drbntmg 
l)atber,niic tutr fpeiter fefyen ifcerbett, in mcfjrcre 2lbtl)ei(ungen gctfjetft, 
nnb mit cinem ^otfyoljen Dfonbe oerfcljcn tfi Qn eine btefer Ubtyc'u 
litngcn fegt man bae papier mit ben Cncrn. Tiad) $>crtauf turn 5 
bie 6 £agen tocrben bte j nngen 9iaupcn anfangen aus boa 
CSterrt fyerau^ufrtecfyen. ©obatb man bicfee bemcrft, brettet man itber 
biefe s 2lbtt)cifnng ber £afel eine 5lrt T^ beffen DJiafdjen ^ got! Vitrei)- 
meffcr tyaben, ober aber bebttit fie mit cinem burcbjbcljertcn papier. 
2(uf biefe SBcife crl]d(t tnan cine 2lrt Dbcrtage auf mcldjer man, mit 
cinem 9Jc x effcr fctn gefd)nittenc jungc ^autticcrbiatter ftrcnt. -Die 
jungen ftxaupen merben fofort oon nnten fjerauf burd) bie Deffuuugen 
auf bae gutter friecficrt. £)urd) biefe $)< amputation trennt man auf 
eine fcfyr praftifdje SBetfe bie jnngen ffiaupen Don ben ©era nnb 
bringt biefe in bie nad)ftfo(genbe 5(btt)ei(nng bee £ifd)ce. Um bie 
jungen 9?aupcn rcinttd) 311 fatten nnb bae frifdje gutter, gan^ jungc 
SDiautbeerMfttter, nid)t mit bem ncrmctften m oermifdjen, oerfafyrf matt 
tmmcr tote oben augegeben; ftrcut alfo bae frifebe gutter auf ba$1fte£ 
ober bae burdjtbdjerte papier, (agt bie dtaupm barattf t'riedjen uub mirft 
ba$ ocnuclt'tc gutter unb ben Unratf) tucg. ©inb bie Dtaupcn crft 
eine $£od)c ober baritber ait, fo fann man ilmen bie gangen flatter 
ab& gutter ootlcgctt. 

(ie mug l)ier bemcrft tocrbcu ba% bte ©eibenraupen toabreub iljrce 
^Badj§t()utue trier $erioben burd)mad)eu, b. t)., fid) bautcn. ^3ci Sdt« 
itd()erung ciner fotdien ^3ertobe fct^t fid) bie 9iaupe auf ben §intcrtt)eU 
il)ree ^b'rpcre unb blcibt fo uugefatjr 10 bie 12 ©tunben unbcloeg* 



23 

lid) ft^en; fie bitrfen dsbann nicbt geftort tDerbcit, fonft fonnten fie 
U\d)t fterben. 

£)aS bode Sitter ber SHaujae betragt 80 bis 35 Sage. 3ft biefc 
3ett tjerangcfommcn bann fybreu bie fttoupen auf gu freffeu; fie roev* 
ben ungebutbig unb modjten einen *piafe r)abeir &iim~ ©nfpinuen, b. I). 
$um SBetpuppen. SDtoti mug alsbann ©orge tragen, neben bie 21b* 
tfjethmgen auf toeldjen fie gefiittert raerben, abgebrodjene Bnunge ooer 
Slefte (oon 1 bi$ 2 gug ©b'lje) irgenb eineS 35aumeS auf juftcllen— 
biefe mitffett jebod) gerudjloS fein. £5ie 9?aupen friedjett an biefeu 
Sleften fyinauf, fucfyen fid) ben genmnfcfyteri $fafc unb fangen an 
fid) eiumfpinnen.' @ie umgicbt fid) mit einer UmpHung weld)e in 
ifyrer dugeren gorm eineS grogen peaimt nid)t unciljntid) fiel)t. £>iefc 
Umpttung nennt man cocoon unb beftefjt auS purer @etbe. £)er 
gaben eineS foldjen cocoons fyat etne Sange weldje oon 600 bis 800 
garbs tiariirt. (B giebt and) ^Raupen bie eS toorjteljett, fid) unten an 
ben 33rettent einmfpiunen. £)eSl}alb foil man 3tt)ifd)en bie 33retter 
Heine 3^ e ^9 e ooer &eifig legem 

Sim neunten Sage, nacfybem bie SRaupe angejungen J)at fid) ein^u* 
fpinnen, oenoanbeti fie fid) in einen (Sdjmetterlmg. liefer @d)met* 
terling giebt alsbann cine ci^enbe gtuffigfeit Don fid), tt>efd)e bie feibene 
Uml)ituung ^erftort, unb er gefangt auf biefe SBeife am 11. ober 12. 
Sage in'S greie. ($S ift 'nun f etb fro erftctnblid) bag menu man bie 
gaben beS cocoons ganj erljatten mid, man bent ©dnnetterting feine 
,3eit taffen barf auS feiner Umptfung IjerauSgurnedjeti. 3 U biefem 
3^ede t o b t e i man i I) n am a d) t e n Sage, fei eS nun in 
einem gefdjtoffenen Ofen burd) tjet^e 8uft, ober aber in einem eigens 
ba^u emgendjteten Slpparat mittelft itberfpannter Safferbampfe tt>eld)c 
man burd) ein 9?ol)r in btn Slpparat I)ineinftrbmen lafjt. 

(Sobatb ber £)ampf in ben Slpparat l)ineinftrbmt entftetjt eine Slrt 
(gummen r»etd)eS uugefafyr 20 3JJtinuten anpli Wad) biefer geit 
tDcrben bie cocoons IjerauSgeuommen, an einen tuftigen Ort gebradjt, 
unb bort unter bfterem Umbretjen fo lang betaffen bis fie ooltftcinbig 
rrocfen getoorbett. -Sn biefem ,guftanbe erft tbnnen fie aufbefoapt, 
in ben ganbet gebradjt ober abgefponnen merben. 

©err ©tgrtdj, auS Slmitimitle, 8. 3«, un herein mit §errn §. 
SRocfe, 66 Oft 4. @tra§e, 9^em 3)orl, tjaben einen Slpparat erfunben, 
welder bk beibcn ebengenannten 3ttertjobett urn ^ieleS itbertrifft. 



24 

3ti btefer htr$en £3efd)reibung tjabeu loir bem gefei* ben gan$eu 
^rogef? bcr ©etbengelDintiung/ fo fttr$ unb faglidj ate mbg(id), gu er> 
Haven getvad)tet. 

Sir l)abcn e$ uidjt fur nbtfyig cvadjtet bem junaen ^Infangev in ber 
eeibeumd)t ben ®opf mit tljeoretifdjen 9tegem Doll p pfropfcn. gter 
line itbevall ift bie Gsrfafjrung bcr befte Sebtmetfter. SBtr loollcn mir 
nod) einige Sfiinfe folgcn laffen bie bent 3nd)tcr Don gvofjem 9[rtt^en 
fein luerben. jJuDdrberft toollen nrir bie ©eloinnung bcr (gtev be* 
fprcdjeu. 

2Bie oben bereits bemerft brtdjt bie OJ^otte ant 11, ober 12. £age 
an$ il)rcr ttmbitltung, bent cocoon (jeroor. £3 finb btc^ naturtidj 
IVanndjen nnb Seibdjen. £)ie (Srftcren untcrfdjciben fid) letdjt Don 
ben Se&teren bnrd) fdjlanfeu Sud)3 nnb grojse ^etoegliajfeit, (fie flat- 
tern faft beftcinbig mit ben gtitgeltt) roaljreub bie Sfeeibdjen plump 
nnb imbcljolfctt, nbcrfyaupt t'orputenrcr auSfeJjen. s )iad)bem bie £(jiere 
auSgefrodjen, bringt man fie fur cine tittle ^rit (nngefa^r 2 ©tunben) 
jcbci (Skfd)ted)t fepavar, in cine paffenbe ed)ad)tc(. s Jiad) btefer $txt r 
nnb jioar uad)bcm cine geniigenbe Slnjaljl bcibcr ($efd)lcd)tcr Dovljaiu- 
ben finb, bringt man allcmal em s J5civd)en in ciuebcfonbcve^dpbtcl, 
in bev'en ©ecfel ein Kernel 8odj angebvadjt ift, unb befcipt fie l)ier un- 
gefafjv 6 6i8 1 3tuubcn. .pierauf trcnut man fie umber. Oftan 
ad)tc jebod) barauf tjterbet, ba8 Setbdjen fcljr jart ju bebanbelu 
b. 1). (cl)r befjutfant mit ben gliigeln angufaffen. £)a8 !3ftanndjen 
(tirbt alSbalb. £)a8 SBetbdjen Ijingcgen fe$ man auj cinen ineijjen 
Vappeu ober ipappbecfel; bort toirb e$ 300 bis 400 Crier tegen nub 
ebcnfatlS balb barauf fterben. 

fatten unb 9ftaufe jinb grofee Stebljaber turn Waupcncieru. 3J?an 
follte batjer bie (iicr in emeu n>ol)lDerfd)loffcttctt 2ad biuben unb 
btefen an bie SDecfe eineS t'iUjlcu 3immer$ (40 ©rab iyaljrcttljcit) auf- 
fjttngen. £)iefe niebere Xcmpcratur ift utibebingt erforbevlid) toeil bet 
eiuer bbljereu Tcnipcratuv bie (iter aufbrtidjen olme bag man gutter 
f)a'tte fttr bie [ungen Maupen. Sflan Ijiite fid) bie v Jiaupen ben ©on^ 
nenfrvaljlen au^ufefeen, btefe llnadjtfamteit tourbe fie in furger ,^eit 
alle tobten. 

SBenu bie $3vute$ett l)eraunal)t aubcrt fid) bie gavbe ber s Jiaupcu= 
eier, fie loerben bebeutenb lieller. 3)hn foil al^bauu ba8 3^^er in 
bem bie v Juuipcncicr erpofirt fiub, Ijaufig mit SCSaffer befprcngeu. SCuf 



25 

biefe Seife tntrb einc fimftltdje geudjtigfeit ergeugt toetdje bem Surm 
in bem (Si evfaubt fid) frequenter ^u^ernciljren. 

£) t e 2B it r m e y effen ant tiebften t)ie( am Sttorgen unb fpat am 
2Ibenb; bieS fjtnbert fie jeborf) nidjt, ben gangen £ag an ben Slattern 
ijerum gu fnuppern. 

@3 ift fdjon Dieted gefprodjen unb gefdjrieben worben itber bie gilt* 
terung ber Surmer. liefer fdjretbt trier 9J£a()t$eiten, regetmagig, 
jeben £ag, Dor; ein 2lnberer meint £toet gauptmal^eiten, cine am 
3ttorgen unb bie anbere am 2lbenb, unb bann cine 2Irt Heftier 8und> 
am Suftttag, mare ben Sitrmern am 3Utragttd)ften. £>ie ©auptfarfje 
bteibt jebod) jebenfalte bag man bie SBitrmer f cljr retuUrff Ijitft, unb 
SftorgenS fonrie gegen ?lbeub frifdjeS gutter auflegt unb ba% oenrdfte 
entferur, Stud) mug bag ^hunter in enter gleidjmagtgen STempara* 
tur geljalten tuerben; jeber jjlo&Iidje 2Bcd)fet t»bni fatten gum ^Barmen 
ober umgefeljrt mug gaug(id) oermiebeu lucrben. 

SBenn bie Siirmer anfaugen gu fpinnen, foil man barauf ad)ten 
bag fie ifyre cocoons nid)t ju nafye an einanber fpiunen, ober focjar 
einen bo^pelten ober breifadjen cocoon bilben, tueit man bie @eibe 
ber (e^tgeuaunten @orte nidjt abljafpefa tann. SDie SBurmer meldje 
p naije bctfammeu fm'uneu, fott man beljutfam trcnuen. ©teben bte 
ad)t Safe uadjbem bie ©pinnjeit begouuen, fciugt man an 
£) i e cocoons gu fammeln. SOcaia befreit btefe atebatm oon ber an* 
l)dugeuben (ofeu @eibe iue(ct)e man feparat Derfaufi Wlan nrirb and) 
foldje cocoons finben bie fdnr>ar$lid) gefarbt unb flecfig, auSfefjen.. 
£)a8 finb fotdje in beneu bie Saroe abgeftorben, gefautt ift Diefe 
mitffen unbebingt oon ben guten cocoons getrennt merben, ir»ci( ber 
aijenbe fdjnmr^e @aft loeldjer au$ tf)nen'r)erau${auft bie ®eibe ber 
guten cocoons ocrberben nriirbe. (S3 gtebt fjarte unb tteidje cocoons. 
5bie Srftereu finb bie SBefferen unb tremtt man fie oon ben Sefetereu 
bamit btefe utdjt uon tljneu ^erbritcft unb burrf) ben auSpiegenben 
@aft befdjabtgt tuerben. 35ou ben fjarieu cocoons fud)t man and) 
bie @cirtefteu au$ urn bie (Sier fiir bie nadjfte 35rut 3U gennmten. 
Urn cine Un^e (Sier gu errjaUctt ijat man 200 bis 225 cocoons notfyig,. 
metdje im (Stouten ungefaljr 40,000 (Sier tiefern. £>ie cocoons ttmdje 
man fiir bk 23rut ^uructber)a(t tkbt man nun f(ad) auf einen tya^ 
becfet unb bringt fie an einen ftdjeren Drr, urn ben (Sdjmetterfmg, 
l)eroorfomiucu px ia\\en Sie man at^bann Derfatjreu mug, Ijabeu 
h)tr better oben fdiou bcfpvod)cn. []n ben metften ©eibe probujiren^ 



26 

ben Scmbern (guropaS, fcerfauft ber Bfy$® bie cocoods otjnc Me ©etbe 
absuljafpem, ofterS fogar nod) cfyc. Me $uppe (chrysalis) getbbtet 
h)orben. £>te bortigen grogett gabrifeu fine beffer unb oolttommcner 
bap eingerid)tet, biefe beiben, fegr Diet $orftd)t cr^eifc^exibcn Whaxd* 
putationen Dorftimeljmen. gitr bte $erpttniffe in ben 33eremtgteu 
(gtaaten pagt bieS nnn alterbingS ntdjt nnb ift e$ erf orbertid) bte ^uppe 
gu tobtcn nnb bte cocoons in ben StDfarft ju bringen, ober abcr 
£)ie@eibeab3Uf)afpetn. 3n granfretd), mo bte 8ctbcn= 
iud)t ctnen Wen ®rab oon $ottfommenbett erretdjt l)at, nnrb ba% 
$tbl)afpc[u ber ^ctbe 3ftafd^nenmcl$g betrteben. ^n GEljma nnb 
3npan l)irtgcc\cn nnrb bte ganje Arbeit mit ben §anben oerritfjtct 
Sfttt einiger Hufmerffamfctt 1 faun man mtt bem ©anbtjafpet cine 
auSge^eidjnetc 9tof)feibe Ijerfteflcn. 2£ic gefagt, ift e3 ntd)t unbebingt 
notljmenbig fitr ben @eiben^itd)ter, bte cocoons abmfyafpcm. 9'tcm- 
9)orf, 3. $b., ift em guter mavtt fitr cocoods, nnb ocrfdiiebcncjpau^ 
fer geben fid) mit bem Sttfauf btefer ab; muer anberett bie .vnwtt 
Otocfc unb ©tgrtef], m unb 68 Oft 4 @tr., $t. p 3um ?Ibi)afpe(u, 
ber ©ctbe geljort natitrltd) em ©afpet; t)orn an biefcm^afpcl ift etne 
5lrt ©ttt^e, an toeldjer mict ober mcfyr'gtaf erne Oefen angebradjt finb. 
SBor bem £mfpet fteljt ein fnpfeme3 Baffin ober cin fedjtopf mit 
Staffer gefttttt h)e(d)e$ burd) etne nnten angebracbtc ^crofmlampc bis 
nafye $um @ieben gebrad)t ttrirb unb anf btefer £emperatur crljaften 
roerben mn§. $n biefeS l)eige Staffer uurft man bte gcre'migten co- 
coons, ^adj einer 2£eite ftitjrt man mit einem £3c[cn au8 33irfen* 
reifern in bem SSaffev nnb ^tuifdjen ben cocoons fyerum. £)ie gaben 
ber cocoons, tt>eld)e burd) ba& l)ei^e 2Baffer (ofe getoorben Jinb, mcrben 
fix!) an bie heifer be§ 23efcn3 feftpngen. 9[)?an ocrcinigt alsbann 
fitnf foldjer gaben gu einem ein^igen, gtefjt btefen burd) bie glafente 
Oefe unb befeftigt il)n am 9^abe be3 £>afpel& $eitn Slbfyafpcm mug 
man genan Wdjt geben menu einer Don ben fimf gaben abbrtdit ober 
abgelaufen ift, urn if)n fofort nneber burd) emett auberen git erfefeen, 
bamit ber abgefyafpelte gaben cin gteidjavttger fet. 



£)er „&meriha\\\f$e Sdbett-^tttftfet'' aufja&en bci Hermann 
9*ocfe, 66 unb 68 Oft 4te ©trajjc, 9to*$orf, bet (Sinfenbung oou 25 
€eut$ in ^oftmarfen, ober bei alien SBudj* unb 3^ng^(inbrem. 



Jlffrjemetne ^tegel'n 



1. @oH man fid) gefunbe (Stcr fiir bie Sdxut bcrfdjaffcn. 

2. £)iefe ©er foil man big jur 4Brutgeit in einem ftocfenen, fii^tcn 
Sftaume aufbemaljim (40 (grab galjrenf) eit.) 

3. £>ie Dfaupeneter biirfen nnter f enter ^Sebingung ben @onnen* 
ftraljten auSgefc^t roerben. 

4. 3ftaulbeerbtatter Don ber (Species Morus Japonica ober Moms 
alba, fogenannte roetjje ^cmtlbeerbla'rtcr, jebodj nie in naffem 
guftanbe, al$ gutter oerabreidjen., 

5. 9^etcl)£icf)e^ gutter friifj am s Jftorgen nnb gegen ^benb oerab* 
reidjen, befonbcr$ fiir SJBiirmer in oorgerudtem Sifter. 

6. £)en jnngen Otaupen nnr fur^gefdmitteueS $arte§ gutter oor* 
legen. 

7. 9ftu£ ber 3iid)ter baranf adjten bie Dftmpen gfetdjen 2Hter$ bet* 
einanber $u Ijalten. £)iefe£ feijt ifjn in ben ©tanb genan bm 

. £ag gu bcftimmen, an tueldjcm bie eingefponnenen 9?aufcen er* 
fticft fterben follcn 

8. ©ollten giDct ober mefyr SRaupen fid) in ein cocoon einftrinnen 
molten, bicfefben oorficfytig trennen. 

9. Sftemltdjfett bei ber $et)anb(ung ber Sitrmer, frtfdje Shift nnb 
mdglid)ft gieidjmaftge £emtoeratur ber 9taumfid)feiten. 

(TO bi« 80 ©rab gat)rent)cit). 
10. ©oil man @orgc tragen menigftenS fiir etnen £ag gutter in 

^Heferoe $u fatten, im gafie e$ regnen fotlre nnb man naffe 

flatter nidjt fitttem barf. 
31. S)a8 §oi} aus metdjem bie $tften, Xafeftt, etc., oerfertigt foerben, 

mug irocfcn, loomoglidj olmc fnoten nnb oottfttinbig gerud)lo$ 

fein. DJtcraliene 9tagef nnb fonftige 33efd)(age mitffen burd)au§ 

oermicbcn loerben. 
12. 8fei 8. £age nad)bem bie Dxaupe angefangen Ijat $u ftomnen, 

tobk man' bie (Sdjmetterunge, bk nidjt jut? $ud)t oertoenbet 

merben fallen unb jttmr burd) §it^e oon 160 bis 200°. 



GEORGE MITTNAGHT & SON, 



Safes of all kinds Manufactured, Repaired, Exchanged and Removed, 

Also, a large stock of Second Hand Safes constantly on hand. 

'rizes awarded at the Crystal Palace, T.854, Am. Union Fair, 1858, and at New Jersey 

State Fair, 1869 and 1S70. 




24 Spring Street 



New York, 



Branch Office at 16 Ward Street, Newark, N. J? 



ESTABLISHED TWENTY YEARS. 



KEK& FISHER, 
MACHINISTS 



AND 



Loom makers 



RIBBON LOOMS A SPECIALTY. 



EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS OF CIRLULAR SHUTTLES. 

WINDERS, DOUBLERS, QU1LLERS, SPOOLERS, RIBBON BLOCKING 

MACHINES. 

341, 343 Ac 345 ^V. 37th St., 

Between 8th and 9th Avenues, NEW YORK 



THE- 




- A- 

COMPLETE INSTRUCTION 

-ON - 

SILK CULTURE, 

-BY- 

HERMAN ROCKE, 

66 & 68 East 4th Street, 

NEW YORK. 



$iux tpcitcrc JusRimft 

fototc 
ge§iettt*«get* 

fiir ben 

Jnimluitti|d)eti §eikit=$fi{J)ter' 

ttienbe man fid) an 

#. SRocfe, 66 nub 68 Oft 4tc ©trafje, Meto*3)orf, 

ober 

ganbter in 

Qi^ etrw* urraetet?, 

unb alte anbcren Slrttfel n>e(d)e jtir Setbeit$ud)t noting finb. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



002 842 899 6 i 



